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Selective auditory attention
Selective auditory attention or selective hearing is a type of selective attention and involves the auditory system of the nervous system. Selective hearing does not involve the sounds that are not heard. However, it is characterized as the action in which people focus their attention on a specific source of a sound or spoken words. The sounds and noise in the surrounding environment is heard by the auditory system but only certain parts of the auditory information are processed in the brain. Most often, auditory attention is directed at things people would like to hear. The increased instances of selective hearing can be seen in family homes. A common example would be a mother asking her child to do something before he or she can enjoy a reward. Mother may say: “James, you can have an ice-cream after you clear your room.” And James replies: “Thanks mom! I needed that ice-cream.” Selective hearing is not a physiological disorder but rather it is the capability of humans to block out sounds and noise. It is the notion of ignoring certain things in the surrounding environment. Over the years, there has been increased research in the selectivity of auditory attention, namely selective hearing.
Through observations, one would realize that it is the reward that is heard almost all the time. The mind does not process the auditory information about the chore. It is basically the filtration of positive pleasant information. If the child was not physically impaired in hearing, he would have heard the whole sentence being said. It has puzzled parents, as well as psychologists, the way the child’s mind can selectively hear the things that they want to hear and leave out unpleasant tasks.
==History==
The cocktail party problem was first brought up in 1953 by Colin Cherry. This common problem is how our minds solves the issue of knowing what in the auditory scene is important and combining those in a coherent whole, such as the problem of how we can perceive our friend talking in the midst of a crowded cocktail party. He suggested that the auditory system can filter sounds being heard. Cherry also mentioned that the physical characteristics of an auditory message are often perceived, the message may be not semantically processed. Another psychologist, Albert Bregman, came up with the auditory scene analysis model. The model has three main characteristics: segmentation, integration, and segregation. Segmentation involves the division of auditory messages into segments of importance. The process of combining parts of an auditory message to form a whole is associated with integration. Segregation is the separation of important auditory messages and the unwanted information in the brain. It is important to note that Bregman also makes a link back to the idea of perception. He states that it is essential for one to make a useful representation of the world from sensory inputs around us. Without perception, an individual will not recognize or have the knowledge of what is going on around them. While Begman's seminal work is critical to understanding selective auditory attention, his studies did not focus on the way in which an auditory message is selected, if and when it was correctly segregated from other sounds in a mixture, which is a critical stage of selective auditory attention. Inspired in part by Bregman's work, a number of researchers then set out to link directly work on auditory scene analysis to the processes governing attention, including Maria Chait, Mounya Elhilali, Shihab Shamma, and Barbara Shinn-Cunningham.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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